Thin layer chromatography (TLC) harnesses capillary action and differential solubility to separate mixtures on a silica-coated plate. In this exercise, students extract colorful pigments from fresh flower petals using ethanol and then resolve individual dye components as they travel up the plate. Visualization under ambient light or UV illumination reveals the hidden complexity of plant biochemistry, while calculating retention factors (R_f) quantifies each pigment’s mobility. A 300 mL mobile phase of 1-butanol : acetic acid : water (4 : 1 : 1) is prepared by measuring and mixing 200 mL of 1-butanol, 50 mL of glacial acetic acid, and 50 mL of deionized water. Coffee-filter “flowers” or standard TLC plates are spotted with concentrated petal extracts, then developed in a shallow chamber until the solvent front reaches within 1 cm of the top. After air-drying, the separated bands fan out like petals, turning each filter into a vivid chromatography flower. This hands-on method not only reinforces core TLC concepts—stationary vs. mobile phases, solvent polarity tuning, and R_f calculation—but also invites comparisons across flower species, solvent systems, and extraction techniques. It’s an engaging way to link analytical chemistry with the natural world.
Tag: chromatography
Chromatography
Chromatography is a highly effective separation technique that can separate the components of a mixture based on their physical and chemical properties. To carry out a simple chromatography experiment, you will need chromatography paper, a pencil, ruler, mixture to be separated, solvent, glass jar or beaker, and paper clip or tape. The procedure involves drawing a line, applying a small spot of the mixture, placing the paper in a glass jar, waiting for the solvent to separate the components of the mixture, removing the paper and letting it dry, and visualizing the separated components. By carefully selecting the solvent and the chromatography paper, you can achieve a successful experiment and separate and identify the individual components of a mixture.

