Dialysis and kidney transplantation are two of the main treatment options for patients with kidney failure. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood and regulating the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. When the kidneys fail to function properly, waste products and fluids can build up in the body, leading to a range of health problems. Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and other medical conditions can all contribute to the development of kidney failure.