Structure 1.1.1 Elements are the primary constituents of matter, which cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Structure 1.1.2—The kinetic molecular theory is a model to explain physical properties of matter (solids, liquids and gases) and changes of state.
Distinguish the different states of matter. Use state symbols (s, l, g and aq) in chemical equations.
Structure 1.1.3—The temperature, T, in Kelvin (K) is a measure of average kinetic energy Ek of
particles.
What You’ll Learn:
- Compounds consist of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.
- Mixtures contain more than one element or compound in no fixed ratio, which are not chemically bonded and so can be separated by physical methods.
- Distinguish between the properties of elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Names of the changes of state should be covered: melting, freezing, vaporization (evaporation and boiling), condensation, sublimation and deposition.
- The kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature and has the same incremental value as the Celsius degree (°C).
Keywords
Solvation, filtration, recrystallization, evaporation, distillation, paper chromatography, melting, freezing, vaporization, evaporation, boiling, condensation, sublimation and deposition
Syllabus Links
Structure 2.2—How do intermolecular forces influence the type of mixture that forms between two substances?
Structure 2.3—Why are alloys generally considered to be mixtures, even though they often contain metallic bonding?
Structure 2.4—Why are some substances solid while others are fluid under standard conditions?
Structure 2 (all),
Reactivity 1.2—Why are some changes of state endothermic and some exothermic?
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