Structure 1.4.1—The mole (mol) is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly
the number of elementary entities given by the Avogadro constant.
Structure 1.4.2—Masses of atoms are compared on a scale relative to 12C and are expressed as
relative atomic mass Ar and relative formula mass Mr.
Structure 1.4.3—Molar mass M has the units g mol–1
.
Structure 1.4.4—The empirical formula of a compound gives the simplest ratio of atoms of each element present in that compound. The molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
Structure 1.4.5—The molar concentration is determined by the amount of solute and the volume of solution.
Structure 1.4.6—Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of all gases measured under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
What You’ll Learn:
- Convert the amount of substance, n, to the number of specified elementary entities.
- An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or a specified group of particles.
- The Avogadro constant NA is given in the data booklet. It has the units mol–1.
- Determine relative formula masses Mr from relative atomic masses Ar.
- Relative atomic mass and relative formula mass have no units.
- The values of relative atomic masses given to two decimal places in the data booklet should be used in calculations.
- Solve problems involving the relationships between the number of particles, the amount of substance in moles and the mass in grams.
- Interconvert the percentage composition by mass and the empirical formula.
- Determine the molecular formula of a compound from its empirical formula and molar mass.
- Solve problems involving the molar concentration, amount of solute and volume of solution.
- The use of square brackets to represent molar concentration is required.
- Units of concentration should include g dm–3 and mol dm–3 and conversion between these.
- The relationship n = CV is given in the data booklet.
- Solve problems involving the mole ratio of reactants and/or products and the volume of gases.
AHL Only
- None
Keywords
IBDP chemistry, mole, mol, amount of substance, elementary entities, atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, carbon-12, Avogadro’s constant, NA, 6.022 x 10^23 mol-1, amount of substance, n, number of entities, formula, oxygen atoms, water molecules, data booklet, units
.
Syllabus Links
Structure 3.1—Atoms increase in mass as their position descends in the periodic table. What properties might be related to this trend?
Reactivity 2.1—How can molar masses be used with chemical equations to determine the masses of the products of a reaction?
Tool 1—How can experimental data on mass changes in combustion reactions be used to derive empirical formulas?
Nature of science, Tool 3, Structure 3.2—What is the importance of approximation in the determination of an empirical formula?
Tool 1—What are the considerations in the choice of glassware used in preparing a standard solution and a serial dilution?
Tool 1, Inquiry 2—How can a calibration curve be used to determine the concentration of a solution?
Structure 1.5—Avogadro’s law applies to ideal gases. Under what conditions might the behaviour of a real gas deviate most from an ideal gas?
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